{"id":342,"date":"2025-11-20T11:06:16","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/?post_type=product&p=342"},"modified":"2025-12-02T15:32:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T15:32:34","slug":"nikel-karbonyl","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/produkt\/nikel-karbonyl\/","title":{"rendered":"Niklkarbonyl"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00fapi\u0165 nikel karbonyl online<\/h2>\n

\u010co je karbonyl niklu<\/h4>\n

K\u00fapi\u0165 nikel karbonyl online<\/a> (n\u00e1zov IUPAC: tetrakarbonylnikel) je organick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina niklu so vzorcom Ni(CO)4. T\u00e1to bezfarebn\u00e1 kvapalina je hlavn\u00fdm karbonylom niklu.<\/p>\n

Je medziproduktom v Mondovom procese na v\u00fdrobu ve\u013emi \u010dist\u00e9ho K\u00fapi\u0165 nikel karbonyl online a \u010dinidlom v organokovovej ch\u00e9mii, hoci Mondov proces sa pre zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 pri pr\u00e1ci s touto zl\u00fa\u010deninou prestal be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/p>\n

Karbonyl niklu je jednou z najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tok, s ak\u00fdmi sa doteraz stret\u00e1vame v ch\u00e9mii niklu, a to pre svoju ve\u013emi vysok\u00fa toxicitu, ktor\u00fa dop\u013a\u0148a vysok\u00e1 prchavos\u0165 a r\u00fdchla absorpcia poko\u017ekou. K\u00fapte si karbonyl niklu na \u010diernom trhu.<\/p>\n

\"Obchod<\/p>\n

\u0160trukt\u00fara a v\u00e4zba<\/span><\/h2>\n

V tetrakarbonyle niklu je oxida\u010dn\u00fd stav niklu priraden\u00fd ako nula. Vzorec zodpoved\u00e1 18-elektr\u00f3nov\u00e9mu pravidlu. Molekula je tetraedrick\u00e1, so \u0161tyrmi karbonylov\u00fdmi (oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd) ligandmi. Na tejto molekule sa vykonali elektr\u00f3nov\u00e9 difrak\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie a vypo\u010d\u00edtali sa vzdialenosti Ni-C a C-O 1,838(2), resp. 1,141(2) angstr\u00f6mov. K\u00fapi\u0165 karbonyl niklu online.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edprava<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ni(CO)4 prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t syntetizoval Ludwig Mond v roku 1890 priamou reakciou kovov\u00e9ho niklu s CO. T\u00e1to priekopn\u00edcka pr\u00e1ca predznamenala existenciu mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch karbonylov\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn kovov, vr\u00e1tane zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn V, Cr, Mn, Fe a Co. Koncom 19. storo\u010dia sa priemyselne pou\u017eila aj na \u010distenie niklu.<\/p>\n

Pri teplote 323 K (50 \u00b0C; 122 \u00b0F) prech\u00e1dza oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd cez ne\u010dist\u00fd nikel. Optim\u00e1lna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 nast\u00e1va pri 130 \u00b0C. Karbonyl niklu k\u00fapite na \u010diernom trhu.<\/p>\n

Tepeln\u00e1 dekarbonyl\u00e1cia<\/span><\/h4>\n

Pri miernom zahrievan\u00ed sa Ni(CO)4<\/sub> sa rozklad\u00e1 na oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd a kovov\u00fd nikel. V kombin\u00e1cii s jednoduchou tvorbou z CO a dokonca aj ve\u013emi ne\u010dist\u00e9ho niklu je tento rozklad z\u00e1kladom pre Mondov proces \u010distenia K\u00fapi\u0165 nikel karbonyl online alebo pokovovania povrchov. Tepeln\u00fd rozklad sa za\u010d\u00edna pri teplote okolo 180 \u00b0C a pri vy\u0161\u0161ej teplote sa zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

\"Biologick\u00e9<\/p>\n

K\u00fapi\u0165 karbonyl niklu online<\/h3>\n

Reakcie s elektrofilami a oxida\u010dn\u00fdmi \u010dinidlami<\/span><\/h5>\n

Karbonyl niklu sa m\u00f4\u017ee oxidova\u0165. Chl\u00f3r oxiduje karbonyl niklu na NiCl2<\/sub>, pri\u010dom sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje plyn CO. Ostatn\u00e9 halog\u00e9ny sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa analogicky. T\u00e1to reakcia poskytuje vhodn\u00fa met\u00f3du na vyzr\u00e1\u017eanie niklovej \u010dasti toxickej zl\u00fa\u010deniny.<\/p>\n

Reakcie Ni(CO)4<\/sub> s alkyl a aryl halogenidmi \u010dasto ved\u00fa ku karbonylovan\u00fdm organick\u00fdm produktom.<\/p>\n

Vinylov\u00e9 halogenidy, ako napr\u00edklad PhCH=CHBr, sa po p\u00f4soben\u00ed Ni(CO)4<\/sub> a n\u00e1sledne metoxidom sodn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9to reakcie pravdepodobne tie\u017e prebiehaj\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom oxida\u010dnej ad\u00edcie. Allylov\u00e9 halogenidy d\u00e1vaj\u00fa zl\u00fa\u010deniny \u03c0-allylniklu, ako napr\u00edklad (allyl)2<\/sub>Ni2<\/sub>Cl2<\/sub>:<\/p>\n

\n
2 Ni(CO)4<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2 ClCH2<\/sub>CH=CH2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 Ni2<\/sub>(\u03bc<\/i>-Cl)2<\/sub>(\u03b7<\/i>3<\/sup>-C3<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 8 CO<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

\"Obchody<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Melting point: :<\/b>-19\u00b0C
\nBoiling point: :<\/b>43\u00b0C
\nDensity\u00a0 :<\/b>1,32 g\/cm3<\/sup>
\nvapor pressure\u00a0 :<\/b>321 mmHg at 20 \u00b0C
\nFlash point: :<\/b><-20\u00b0C
\nform\u00a0 :<\/b>liquid
\ncolor\u00a0 :<\/b>colorless
\nOdor :<\/b>Sooty odor detectable at 0.5 to 3 ppm
\nWater Solubility\u00a0 :<\/b>soluble in ~5000 parts air free H2O; soluble alcohol, benzene, chloroform, acetone, CCl4 [MER06]
\nSensitive\u00a0 :<\/b>heat sensitive
\nExposure limits :<\/b>TLV-TWA: 0.05 ppm (0.35 mg as Ni\/m3<\/sup>) (ACGIH)
\nPEL: 0.001 ppm (0.007 mg Ni\/m3<\/sup>) (OSHA, MSHA and NIOSH)
\nIDLH: 0.001 ppm (NIOSH, OSHA).\u00a0Stability: :<\/b>Stable. Highly flammable and highly reactive. Explosion hazard.
\nEPA Substance Registry System :<\/b>Nickel carbonyl (13463-39-3)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":343,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[17],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-342","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-poisons-for-sale","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"purchasable","12":"product-type-variable"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=342"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=342"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/poisonshops.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}